Violoncello da Spalla, History, Theory, Reality (violin-maker Dmitry Badiarov lecture at Utrecht Conservatoire

Utrecht Conservatoire  08.10.2012; 10:15 - 12:15 (hand-out; PDF available from the secretary)

Small sized bass instruments exist at least since the mid 16th century. 

Bas de violon of Jambe de Fer, 1556. It was played suspended on a strap. In iconography archaic (14-15cc pre-consort type) instruments prevail.

Early small or large bass instrument names were